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In 1967, the idea of robots assisting in surgery was born. Originally, they were aimed at helping treat severe injuries and blood loss on the battlefield. As time passed, these surgical robots earned praise for their ability to perform repeated, ultra-precise procedures. Now They’re enabling widespread, minimally invasive surgeries.
The PUMA 560 and ROBODOC marked the beginning of robotic surgery in 1985. The commercial sector took off with the AESOP and da Vinci Systems, making significant advancements since their merge in 2003. The introduction of AI-driven predictive analytics, using big data and machine learning, has further elevated robotic surgery. This technology helps anticipate surgical risks and guides procedures in real-time, enhancing precision and safety.
Robotic surgery means faster recovery times, less blood loss, and minimal pain for patients. Furthermore, robotic surgery has been shown to reduce infection risks and complications and provide more precise removal of cancerous tissues.
Robotic assistance has improved patient comfort during traditionally painful procedures like gynecological operations, hernia repairs, and cervical tumors treatment. The smaller incisions associated with robotic surgery lead to less scarring, trauma, and postoperative discomfort. In the long term, robotic surgery reduces hospital stays and returns patients to their normal lives quicker. Robot-assisted rehabilitation has also been beneficial in accelerating recovery for patients suffering from major setbacks like strokes or paralysis.
AI and robotics are transforming surgery, providing surgeons with higher precision and ergonomics. As per Dr Ataurrabb Ahmad, a leading surgeon at Houston Methodist Willowbrook Hospital, robotics improve control and visualization, signaling a shift from laparoscopic to robotic procedures.
Robotic interfaces offer intuitive controls, reducing surgeon fatigue and physiological tremors while enhancing surgical reach. For example, the advanced da Vinci system includes a console and a mobile platform with robotic arms, each with three Degrees of Freedom (DOF). Combined with the EndoWrist instrument, seven DOF mimic the human wrist’s movement. This results in a magnified, high-definition 3D view for the surgeon, customizable adjustments, and motion scaling.
Similarly, Versius, a UK-based CMR Surgical creation, provides essential Haptic Feedback to surgeons. Other systems like MiroSure and Verb Surgical offer static heart images and tactile sensory feedback, enhancing the surgical experience.
Source: grandviewresearch.com
Robotic surgery’s effectiveness lies in its data-centric analysis and real-time analytics, due to inherent surgical navigation boosted by tracking sensors. This technology guides a surgeon’s movements, ensuring surgical tools are accurately placed relative to the patient’s anatomy, thereby improving surgical interventions.
AI in healthcare can analyze and extract data during robotic surgeries, allowing for real-time detection of anomalies and potential issues. Utilizing advanced algorithms and surgical metrics, it can provide quantitative data that informs decision-making processes. These capabilities can enhance tasks like mapping vital measurements, including the extent of tissue resection. Over time, this data-driven approach can help democratize access to surgical benefits, potentially benefiting underserved communities by making high-quality surgical care more accessible and affordable.
While robotic surgery has witnessed success, it faces ethical and real-world concerns that can overshadow its value.
Despite these challenges, robotic surgery represents the future of medicine. Advancements like nanorobotics promise exciting trends such as miniaturization, enhanced autonomy, and reduced patient invasiveness. As the medical field embraces these emerging technologies, it must address and overcome the existing challenges to fully realize the potential of robotic surgery.
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